Phosphorus and nitrogen poison Florida's waters during each rainfall, running off agricultural operations, fertilized landscapes, and septic systems. The poison runoff triggers algae outbreaks, which foul Florida's beaches, lakes, rivers, and springs in increasing quantities each year, threatening public health. This pollution is preventable. Now that we know how the nitrogen and phosphorus in sewage, manure and fertilizer tip Florida's delicate ecological balance, we have a responsibility to do something about it. The images below document the harmful outbreaks.












































Boaters, anglers and swimmers heading to the spring-fed Santa Fe River near Gainesville, Florida, for the 2012 Memorial Day weekend were in for a rude surprise—pollution from sewage, manure and fertilizer sparked an outbreak of nasty green slime.
Local health authorities recommended that no one swim, fish, or drink water near the outbreak.
Lesley Gamble paddles through green slime outbreak on the Santa Fe River on May 22, 2012.
Sarasota County work crews remove hundreds of dead fish littering the public Blind Pass Beach on Manasota Key on January 3, 2013.
The fish kill was due to red tide, which is worsened by sewage, manure and fertilizer pollution.
A green heron perches on the algae-choked river.
Locals said they’d never seen algae as bad as this sliming the river. The weeked before Memorial Day, boaters witnessed water that looked like thick, fluorescent green pea soup near Poe Springs, a county park.
Turtles have difficulty avoiding the algae.
The Santa Fe is normally a tannic river, with world-class springs and a river bottom filled with limestone and sand. It is a wildlife haven, with fish, turtles, manatees, and a wide array of birds.
A boater pulls his canoe to shore.
“This green slime is disastrous for tourism, especially on a holiday weekend. This is a health threat and people want it cleaned up,” said Earthjustice attorney David Guest.
“We’re tired of the state making excuse after excuse for politically powerful industries. All we hear from environmental authorities is more and more delay—they need to go look at what’s happening right now," said Earthjustice attorney David Guest.
A close-up of the algae.
Algal blooms can look like a thick mat or foamy scum. Blooms can change the water color to blue, green, brown, orange, or red and may give off an unpleasant odor.
A green heron at the river.
Lee County’s health department issued a warning for people not to have contact with natural waters in the county, and to keep their pets and livestock away, too.
A drinking water plant on the Caloosahatchee River that serves 30,000 people was shut down due to the pollution.
Toxic algae outbreak on southwest Florida's Caloosahatchee River in June and July 2011. Photo taken at Franklin Lock.
Pollution caused by inadequately treated sewage, manure and fertilizer is creating toxic algae outbreaks.
A large August 2011 algae outbreak on Tampa Bay.
Fertilizer-laden water from sugar-growing lands in the Florida Everglades causes green slime in 2010.
Toxic algae outbreak on southwest Florida's Caloosahatchee River in June and July 2011.
Toxic algae can cause respiratory problems, neurological damage, nausea, diarrhea, rashes, and even death.
Toxic algae outbreak on southwest Florida's Caloosahatchee River in June and July 2011.
The outbreaks have fouled drinking water supplies, killed fish, closed popular tourist beaches and devastated the state's tourism-dependent economy.
Warning sign on Caloosahatchee River in June 2011.
A toxic algae outbreak on southwest Florida’s Caloosahatchee River in June 2011 covers the area with green slime.
A toxic algae outbreak on southwest Florida’s Caloosahatchee River in June 2011, turned the water a freakish green, killed fish, and released a nauseating stench for weeks.
A toxic algae outbreak on southwest Florida’s Caloosahatchee River in June 2011 fouls waterfront property.
Toxic algae outbreak on the Caloosahatchee River in June 2011.
The Caloosahatchee River in southwest Florida turns green in June 2011.
Dead Mojarra/Sand Bream and Jack, west of Franklin Lock, on the Caloosahatchee River. Photo taken on June 13, 2011.
Julington Creek Marina. 347 ug/l, M. aeruginosa. Photo taken on July 31, 2009.
Julington Creek Marina. 414 ug/l, M. aeruginosa. Photo taken on August 14, 2009.
Christopher Point Canal. 800 ug/l, M. aeruginosa. Photo taken on July 31, 2009.
St. Johns River at Alpine Gardens Park. 18 ug/l, M. aeruginosa. Photo taken on August 14, 2009.
Doctors Lake. 910 ug/l, M. paniformis. Photo taken on September 17, 2009.
Doctors Lake. 225 ug/l, M. paniformis. Photo taken on October 1, 2009.
Anabaena algae bloom in Caloosahatchee River at Franklin Lock, June 17, 2008.
In July 2008, Earthjustice filed a lawsuit challenging a decade-long delay by the state and federal government in setting limits for nutrient pollution. 13 months later, the Obama administration agreed to set legal limits for the nutrient poisoning.
Anabaena Algae Bloom in Caloosahatchee River at Franklin Lock showing Olga Water Treatment Plant, June 17, 2008.
The Obama administration's agreement to set legal limits for the nutrient poisoning has nationwide implications. Currently, Florida and most other states have only vague limits regulating nutrient pollution. The EPA will now begin the process of imposing quantifiable—and enforceable—water quality standards to tackle nutrient pollution.
Red Tide Warning at Volusia County beach during red tide event in October 2007.
Leon County's Lake Munson update. Testing for the toxicity of the blue green algae, October 2007.
Earthjustice's lawsuit was filed on behalf of the Florida Wildlife Federation, the Conservancy of Southwest Florida, the Environmental Confederation of Southwest Florida, St. John's Riverkeeper, and the Sierra Club.
Bluegreen algae outbreak at Florida’s Caloosahatchee River in August 2005.
Bluegreen algae outbreak at Florida’s Caloosahatchee River in August 2005.
Bluegreen algae outbreak at Florida’s Caloosahatchee River in August 2005.
Bluegreen algae outbreak at Florida’s Caloosahatchee River in July 2006.
Bluegreen algae outbreak at Florida’s Caloosahatchee River in July 2006.
Bluegreen algae outbreak at Florida’s Caloosahatchee River in July 2006.
Bluegreen algae outbreak at Florida’s Caloosahatchee River in June 2006.
Bluegreen algae outbreak at Florida’s Caloosahatchee River in June 2006.
Microcystis bloom. Goodby's Creek at the St. Johns River, Jacksonville, FL. Photo taken September 14, 2005, 6:39pm.
Arlington Boat Ramp off of University Blvd. in Jacksonville during 2005 St. Johns River Bloom Event.
Nutrients like phosphorous and nitrogen poison Florida's waters during each rainfall, running off agricultural operations, fertilized landscapes, and septic systems. The poison runoff triggers algae outbreaks, which foul Florida's beaches, lakes, rivers, and springs in increasing quantities each year, threatening public health, and closing swimming areas.
Microcystis bloom in Caloosahatchee River at Olga, Florida approximately a mile and a half west of the Franklin Lock, south side of the river, October 14, 2005.
Exposure to these blue-green algae toxins—when people drink the water, touch it, or inhale vapors from it—can cause rashes, skin and eye irritation, allergic reactions, gastrointestinal upset, serious illness, and even death.
St. Johns River. 156 ug/l, Anabaena circinalis. Photo taken in 2000.

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