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For a decade, Earthjustice has advocated for a cleaner and more equitable energy system at the Colorado PUC—and we’re seeing progress.
Colorado proves it’s not just coastal states that lead on climate policy. Environmental and community advocates have won major commitments to clean up the state’s power sector. Now Colorado is at the forefront of a fight to make buildings more climate-friendly—and the state’s public utilities commission is at the center of this work.
Public utilities commissions (PUCs) make some of the most consequential climate and energy decisions in the United States. Many climate policies are made and implemented at the state level, and PUCs are the state agencies that decide how promptly investor-owned utilities shift away from dirty fossil fuels and toward clean energy. By combining Earthjustice’s legal expertise with our clients’ voices and policy expertise, we have successfully advanced climate solutions and clean energy at PUCs across the nation.
Powering up the Clean Energy Transition
See how we are working in your state’s public utility commission for a faster, fairer transition to clean energy.
Alaska’s potential for clean energy is vast, yet utilities are planning to import liquified natural gas, which would significantly raise rates for customers. Earthjustice is intervening before the Regulatory Commission of Alaska. Read more & get involved.
With abundant wind, geothermal, tidal, solar, and fish-friendly hydropower options, the potential to develop clean energy in Alaska is vast. And yet the state is planning to soon import liquified natural gas (LNG) to address its looming energy crisis. In 2023, Earthjustice intervened for the first time in a case before the Regulatory Commission of Alaska to advocate for energy conservation and help facilitate the buildout of clean energy in Alaska.
More than 80% of Chugach Electric Association's electricity comes from gas extracted locally from Cook Inlet, but that gas is now scarcer and more expensive to produce. To fill the gap, utilities are planning to import LNG as soon as 2027, which would significantly raise rates for customers who already pay some of the highest energy prices in the country.
Alaskans should not be locked into burning expensive imported gas to power their homes and businesses when there are ample clean energy resources to develop in the state. The federal Inflation Reduction Act can help fund the buildout of renewable energy and transmission in Alaska. But utilities and lawmakers are standing in the way of Alaska’s clean energy boom.
On behalf of our client Renewable Energy Alaska Project (REAP), Earthjustice submitted plans that would conserve limited remaining local gas and encourage adoption of rooftop solar on local homes and businesses. REAP believes that by using available federal and state funds to develop Alaska’s vast potential for clean energy, Alaska can move away from its dependency on fossil fuels and create a better future.
Arizona ranks second in the country for solar potential, but coal still provides more electricity than solar. Earthjustice represented Vote Solar before the Arizona Corporation Commission to defend against utility attacks on rooftop solar. Read more & get involved.
Arizona should be leading the nation in solar energy, as it ranks second only to Nevada in solar potential. But coal-fired power plants still provide more electricity than solar. Utility- and small-scale solar and solar-thermal power plants provide just 10% of Arizona’s energy.
The largest utilities in Arizona, with the help of the regulators, effectively curtailed rooftop solar by undermining the affordability of Arizona’s abundant clean energy. Earthjustice represented Vote Solar before the Arizona Corporation Commission (ACC) to defend against utility attacks on rooftop solar.
In 2016, the ACC drastically reduced the rate at which solar customers are credited for energy they supply to the grid (known as net metering) and in 2017 effectively ended net metering for new solar customers, despite Earthjustice’s intervention. Since then, Arizona utilities continue to try to impose mandatory fees and exorbitant fixed charges to halt the growth of solar.
Earthjustice victories include defeating discriminatory charges for rooftop solar and increased compensation rates for solar power.
In 2017, we got the ACC to significantly decrease Tucson Electric Power’s proposed monthly solar meter fee.
In 2018, we won a higher rate for new rooftop solar, when the ACC rejected Tucson Electric Power and UNS Electric’s aggressive proposals to make rooftop solar uneconomic.
In 2021, we challenged and successfully ended a discriminatory charge imposed on solar customers that threatened to chill the growth of rooftop solar in Arizona. In 2024, Arizona Public Service Company reimposed its “grid access charge,” and we are challenging it again.
Want to get involved in Arizona? Sign up with our client Vote Solar
Utilities involved: Tucson Electric Power Company (TEP), Arizona Public Service Company (APS), UNS Electric
California was Earthjustice’s proving grounds to argue in front of public utility commissions for cleaner, more equitable energy policies. Since 2010, we have pushed the California Public Utilities Commission to rethink how the state generates electricity. Read more.
The state of California is a land of firsts: the first state in the continental U.S. to have a 100% clean energy goal; the first to entirely stop the building of new gas plants; and the first to serve as the proving grounds for Earthjustice to argue in front of public utility commissions for cleaner, more equitable energy policies. This groundbreaking strategy in many ways helped lead to the first two accomplishments — and many more.
Our interventions have successfully challenged gas plant proposals, established first-in-nation requirements for deployment of battery storage, and ensured that future energy needs are met with clean energy. We also championed SB 100, the state's landmark clean energy law, across the finish line in 2018.
Our work does not stop with cleaning up the power sector. At the CPUC, we have secured:
Needed investments in vehicle charging infrastructure
Incentives to deploy heat pumps and other electric alternatives to gas appliances
An end to subsidies for gas lines to new homes
Rigorous processes to review major proposed investments in the gas system
Sanctions for gas utility abuse of customer funds to undermine energy efficiency standards
Colorado is rapidly cleaning up its power sector. We’ve taken on more than 40 cases before the Colorado Public Utilities Commission over the past decade, leveraging aggressive goals set by the state legislature to push for progress. Read more & get involved.
Colorado is on the frontline in the fight to make buildings and transportation more climate-friendly.
Earthjustice has taken on more than 40 cases before the PUC since starting this work in 2014. We have been able to leverage aggressive goals set by the state legislature to push successfully for progress.
By 2030, all coal plants are scheduled to be retired — a huge shift from 2020, when a third of the state’s electricity came from coal.
The end of coal power brings major public health and climate benefits but also some loss of local taxes and jobs. In 2022, Earthjustice fought at the PUC for a just transition for these communities, including tax revenue offsets and additional funding for community benefits, such as home weatherization, new business incubation, and workforce training.
Wins to ensure access to clean energy for everyone, including $32.8 million for low-income community solar, rooftop solar, and battery storage programs — up from the $13.1 million proposed by the utility Xcel Energy.
We also successfully pushed to curb gas price hikes sought by Xcel looking to expand its gas infrastructure.
In an emerging fight over building decarbonization, Earthjustice is encouraging electrification, while gas utilities are pushing false solutions such as hydrogen, “renewable natural gas,” and carbon offsets. We've won some early victories.
Want to get involved in Colorado? Join up with our clients GRID Alternatives, Vote Solar, and Southwest Energy Efficiency Project. Other clients include: GreenLatinos, Cultivando, Mi Familia Vota, Mothers Out Front, NAACP Denver, Womxn from the Mountain, Black Parents United Foundation
Utilities involved: Xcel Energy, Atmos Energy, Black Hills Energy, Tri-State Generation and Transmission
In Washington, D.C., we’re taking a two-pronged approach by working to support the district’s electrification efforts and fight investments in gas. Read more.
In Washington, D.C., Earthjustice is advancing our Right to Zero campaign, focused on cleaning up climate emissions.
Recently, D.C. officials announced admirable climate goals, such as requiring that new buildings be energy net-zero by 2027. By 2045, the district is mandated to achieve carbon neutrality and to phase out methane gas infrastructure from government buildings.
In stark contrast, the gas utility company Washington Gas Light (WGL) has been trying to spend its customers’ money on investing in the very gas infrastructure that the district aims to phase out in the coming decades.
In 2023, Earthjustice and our clients intervened at the D.C. Public Utility Commission to prevent it from allowing WGL to use ratepayer funds for this economically and environmentally unsound project to put more gas pipes in the ground.
A year earlier, the district increased incentives for electric appliances, such as financial benefits for using heat pumps and electric water heaters, while ending incentives for gas appliances. WGL criticized the decision, stating that it wants to provide rebates to customers for using gas. Earthjustice will oppose any such attempt by WGL to provide rebates for gas use, and we will continue to fight to ensure that electric appliances are the most affordable choice for low-income and middle-income district residents.
Currently, WGL’s ratepayer-funded gas pipe project is before the D.C. Public Service Commission, which has the power to approve or reject it. We’re asking the Commissioners to reject this costly proposal that would send D.C. back decades in its climate progress.
Our clients: Cheasapeake Climate Action Network, Sierra Club
Utilities involved: Potomac Electric Power Company (PEPCO), Washington Gas Light (WGL)
Florida boasts extraordinary potential for clean energy but remains stuck with fossil fuels and some of the highest energy bills in the country. We’re working in the Florida Public Service Commission to reduce costs and ensure the benefits of clean energy are equitably shared. Read more & get involved.
Earthjustice has been working since 2007 in the Florida Public Service Commission to increase transparency and energy efficiency, reduce costs, and ensure that the benefits of clean energy are equitably shared among Florida residents.
In 2024, after more than a decade of beating back utility assaults on energy efficiency programs before the Florida PSC, Earthjustice attorneys got major utilities to increase energy efficiency efforts and expand programs for low-income residents. More than 100,000 additional low-income Floridians will get meaningful help in conserving energy over the next five years thanks to the increases.
In 2021, Earthjustice and our partners secured a win in the Florida Supreme Court requiring the Florida Public Service Commission to explain its decisions to increase transparency. This decision impacts schemes from Duke Energy and Florida Power and Light to increase rates for customers. The PSC must show that these rate increases are fair, just, and reasonable for customers.
In 2017, Earthjustice and our partners prevented a fixed charge rate increase from $18 to nearly $50, proposed to the Florida PSC by Gulf Power. The rate increase was unnecessary and would have disincentivized energy efficiency measures, energy conservation, and rooftop solar. Our attorneys advocated for the rate increase to be removed, and our partners flooded the PSC hearings in record numbers to voice their objections. Gulf Power removed the increase in a settlement.
We played a key role in moving Hawaiʻi toward a 100% renewable mandate for electricity — and in establishing a “performance-based regulation” system that rewards the utility based on how well it serves the public, rather than how much money it spends. Read more.
Hawaiʻi was the first state to commit to a 100% renewable mandate for electricity in 2015, and Earthjustice's Mid-Pacific office has played an important role in moving the state toward this goal.
In 2016, Earthjustice joined a broad coalition to defeat the takeover of Hawaiian Electric Company (HECO), the state’s largest utility, by NextEra Energy, a traditional utility monopoly that wanted to convert Hawaiʻi to fossil gas.
In 2022, the PUC adopted proposals by Earthjustice and its solar industry partners to create a comprehensive new structure for smart, time-based electric rates that gives customers new opportunities to save money, while modernizing the grid.
In the coming years, we will continue to see through these reforms of utility incentives and rates, oppose attempts to prolong fossil fuel dependency in Hawaiʻi, and maximize opportunities for customer adoption of clean energy.
Our clients: Hawaii Solar Energy Association, Sierra Club, Blue Planet Foundation
Utilities involved: HECO (Hawaiian Electric Company), KIUC (Kauai Island Utility Cooperative), Hawaii Gas
Since 2012, Earthjustice has been litigating at the Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission, the courts, and federal agencies to retire existing coal, challenge proposed new methane gas, and advance clean energy investments. ranks third in the country for coal consumption. Read more & get involved.
Through our advocacy and influence, Northern Indiana Public Service Company (NIPSCO), one of the largest energy producers in the state, has built new wind generation and new solar generation since 2021.
In 2019, alongside our client Citizens Action Coalition of Indiana, we successfully persuaded the Indiana Commission to reject a proposal to build a combined-cycle gas power plant.
We also reached a settlement that secured the retirement of a 1,300 MW coal-fired power plant that had been leased by American Electric Power for over 30 years to provide retail electric power to customers. The plant was sold to AEP in 2022 but will be retired by 2028.
Iowa has more than 6,000 wind turbines, providing nearly two-thirds of its electricity, making it second only to Texas in the amount of power produced from wind. We went before the Iowa Utilities Board to fight for fair pricing of renewable power and more. Read more.
Earthjustice first represented the Sierra Club in 2018 before the Iowa Utilities Board to fight for fair pricing of renewable power and against misleading utility marketing.
In 2018, we fought a proposed renewable energy subscription tariff to stop misleading utility marketing that falsely implied renewable energy costs more than fossil fuel generation. The so-called "Beyond Solar" tariff was proposed by Alliant Energy's Iowa subsidiary, Interstate Power and Light.
In 2017, Earthjustice argued before the Iowa Utilities Board that Interstate Power and Light would lower costs for consumers by building more wind projects to replace coal-fired power plants.
In 2020, Earthjustice filed a complaint with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to challenge a decision by the Iowa Utilities Board that banned retail customers from participating in wholesale energy markets though demand-response programs.
Demand-response programs pay customers for lowering their electricity use at times of peak demand. Those rapid-response reductions displace the need for additional electricity generation — which often comes from burning fossil fuels. Residential and small business customers can participate in wholesale electricity markets by coordinating with a third party that aggregates everyone’s energy use. Thousands of customers with smart thermostats can offer to slightly reduce their air conditioning during peak electricity demand hours, for example. But the Iowa Utilities Board has blocked people from participating in those markets.
Earthjustice is fighting so that everyone can benefit from demand-response programs.
In Kansas, we’re working to create a level playing field for clean energy — including through an access to clean energy case that went all the way up to the Kansas Supreme Court. (We won.) Read more & get involved.
Earthjustice and our partners have been working in Kansas for over a decade to create a level playing field for clean energy alternatives. We’ve advocated for a clean energy future before the public utility commission (known as the Kansas Corporation Commission), state court, and federal court.
Starting in 2018, Earthjustice and our clients — the Sierra Club of Kansas and Vote Solar — set out to challenge a spreading industry tactic to disincentivize clean energy alternatives. We went all the way to the Kansas Supreme Court, which ruled in 2020 that discriminatory charges for customers who generate their own power with rooftop solar were illegal. It was a major step forward for clean energy access in the state and created a fairer market for clean energy.
Earthjustice also fought from 2007 to 2018 to successfully stop plans to build a new coal plant in Holcomb. The effort involved air permit challenges in the Kansas Supreme Court and a National Environmental Policy Act challenge to the plant’s financing in federal courts.
We are currently working on behalf of Kansas customers and clients Vote Solar, Sierra Club, and Climate + Energy Project to create programs to work with third parties to regulate their energy usage during peak demand with devices like smart thermostats. This helps keep energy usage down and reduces the need for extra electricity from dirty coal plants. Kansas utility company Evergy wants to block customers from conserving energy to protect their profits.
In Kentucky, public participation in the Public Service Commission process and hundreds of pages of expert technical comments led to significant progress for clean energy and low-income customers. Read more & get involved.
A major decision on Kentucky’s energy future came in 2023 after Louisville Gas & Electric Company and Kentucky Utilities Company proposed closing four coal units and replacing them with a mix of dirty gas and clean energy. The legislature passed a law that same year making it harder to retire coal plants.
Earthjustice, meanwhile, represented a coalition of local energy justice groups pushing for relief from high utility bills, an equitable transition to clean energy, and a healthy environment.
Major public participation in the Public Service Commission process and hundreds of pages of technical comments by experts later, we achieved significant progress for clean energy and low-income customers:
Retirement of two of the four coal units and three gas turbines
Denial of one of two proposed dirty gas plants
Approval of six new solar facilities and the state's largest utility-scale battery
The largest expansion of energy efficiency programs in the companies’ history, which will reduce the need for new generation in the future
Expanded programs and benefits for low-income customers, including keeping in place a requirement that low-income weatherization programs are targeted toward households at or below 200% of the federal poverty limit
Additionally, Kentucky produces more carbon dioxide pollution from cryptocurrency mining than any other U.S. state. Earthjustice has successfully challenged sweetheart “special contracts” where utilities give crypto miners cheaper rates on electricity. The PSC denied the contract for the largest proposed crypto facility in the state and curbed others to protect residents from unfairly subsidizing crypto miners.
Want to get involved in Kentucky?Join Kentuckians for the Commonwealth. Other clients include: Mountain Association, Kentucky Solar Energy Society, Kentucky Resources Council, Appalachian Citizens' Law Center, Metropolitan Housing Coalition, Sierra Club
Utilities involved: Louisville Gas & Electric Company and Kentucky Utilities Company (LG&E-KU), Big Rivers Electric Corporation, Kentucky Power Company, East Kentucky Power Cooperative, Duke Energy Kentucky
Earthjustice has made significant strides to spur the clean energy transition in Louisiana while battling plans by energy utilities to replace coal with gas. Read more.
Some of our work so far includes:
In 2022, after Entergy Louisiana applied to the Louisiana Public Service Commission to build gas-fired microgrids on commercial and industrial sites, Earthjustice opposed the application. The Public Service Commission agreed to require the company to include 30 MW of distributed solar and battery storage installation on the sites.
Earthjustice fought to stop Entergy from building a 226 MW gas plant in a predominantly Black and Vietnamese community in New Orleans East, which is already overburdened with toxic pollution. Although Earthjustice couldn’t prevent construction, the size of the gas plant was reduced by more than 40%, which was a victory.
Now Earthjustice is representing community groups as they fight a proposal to construct a 112 MW floating gas power plant off the coast near Leeville, LA.
Earthjustice continues to intervene to ensure that Louisiana’s aging fossil-fuel plants are replaced with renewable energy and robust demand response and energy efficiency programs, and to encourage electrification.
Our clients: Alliance for Affordable Energy, Deep south Center for Environmental Justice, 350-New Orleans
Utilities involved: Entergy New Orleans, Entergy Louisiana, CLECO Power
Earthjustice is helping Maryland establish itself as a leader in the nation’s clean energy transition with significant strides in solar and wind energy, and recently, zero-emissions truck requirements. Read more & get involved.
In March 2023, Earthjustice intervened in the Maryland Public Service Commission’s review of rates charged by the utility company BG&E, which serves Maryland, and achieved numerous benefits for clean energy and ratepayers. Earthjustice successfully convinced the Public Service Commission to reject BG&Es plan to replace 107 miles of gas transmission pipeline (70% of the system) along with 428,000 gas meters. The commission also rejected BGE's $109 million “resilience” proposal, which would have kept the entire gas system intact as a backup.
Later that same year, Earthjustice asked the PUC to stop plans by a different utility company, Washington Gas Light (WGL), to burden ratepayers with hundreds of millions of dollars in unnecessary gas pipeline replacements. The commission rejected WGL’s plans, greatly reducing the amount of money WGL could spend on gas pipeline replacements and decided that, in the future, gas utilities must consider all cost-effective, non-pipeline alternative options available to defer, reduce, or remove the need to construct or upgrade components of methane gas systems.
Additionally, Earthjustice is currently challenging WGL’s misleading 2022 ad campaign, in which it sent its customers misinformation about the advantages of gas over electric energy in its customer billing statements.
This PUC work has been a complement to ongoing legislative work around clean energy in Maryland. Several years ago, Earthjustice led a successful campaign to establish a community solar pilot program that enabled six million residents to participate. In 2023, Maryland made the pilot program permanent and expanded community solar opportunities to more residents.
Michigan will end burning of coal for electricity in less than a decade — a timeline accelerated thanks to our work. Our advocacy at the Michigan Public Service Commission brought energy efficiency programs to Flint and other communities, including one that saved customers $3 for every $1 invested. Read more.
More than half of Michigan’s electricity came from coal, when Earthjustice began engaging in the state’s public service commission in 2012. Now, the state will end all burning of coal for electricity in less than a decade — a timeline significantly accelerated thanks to our work.
The end date for the final coal plants in Michigan came in a victorious case we settled with the utility DTE in 2023.
This landmark decision highlights how clearing away dirty energy often makes space for clean energy and advances a more just energy system. The settlement included:
Plans to build 800 MW of solar and wind by 2030, followed by 11,600 MW of renewables from 2030 to 2042. And more than 1,800 MW of battery storage over the same timeframe — with 220 MW scheduled to open in 2025 on the site of a former coal plant. By comparison, at the end of 2022, the entire state had only 706 MW of solar and 1.3 MW of battery storage installed.
The closure of a dirty gas plant in River Rouge, a community where the majority of residents are Black or Latino and that is heavily burdened with industrial pollution.
$70 million from DTE to fund energy efficiency programs for income-qualified customers, $40 million for low-income customer bill assistance, and $8 million to support clean energy projects for low-income customers.
Households in southeast Michigan spend as much as 14% of their income on gas and electric bills. One solution is energy efficiency upgrades. Our advocacy at the public service commission has kicked off successful programs in Flint and other communities, including one that saved customers $3 for every $1 invested.
Our clients: Sierra Club. We work in coalition with NRDC, the Michigan Environmental Council, and Citizens Utility Board. We co-counsel with Troposphere Legal.
Minnesota declared that 100% of electricity for use in the state must be from carbon-free resources by 2040. We are advocating for ways to increase local and independently-owned renewable power and to reduce energy demand. Read more & get involved.
In Minnesota, generation of renewable energy has almost doubled over the past decade, and wind produces 23% of the state's electricity. But even as utilities in Minnesota build out utility-scale wind and solar projects, they are still proposing to expand the use of methane gas and undermining opportunities for community and rooftop solar and other clean energy solutions.
Earthjustice advocates for ways to reduce energy demand and to increase local and independently-owned renewable power. We also fought investments that would lock in more use of methane gas.
Earthjustice successfully intervened in Xcel Energy's 15-year plan before the Minnesota Public Utilities Commission (PUC) in 2019 to oppose the proposed expansion of methane gas power plants and argue for increased community and household renewable generation and expanded energy efficiency and demand-response programs. Demand-response programs pay customers for lowering their electricity use at times of peak demand. These rapid-response reductions displace the need for additional electricity generation — which often comes from burning fossil fuels.
Earthjustice challenged a PUC decision that prohibited retail electricity customers from banding together and participating in wholesale energy markets though demand-response programs. For instance, thousands of customers with smart thermostats could join together through a third-party aggregator to offer to slightly reduce their air conditioning during hours of peak electricity demand. The Minnesota PUC denied people the right to participate in wholesale electricity markets run by the regional transmission organization that serves 15 Midwest states, Midcontinent Independent Operator (MISO), a decision we continue to challenge.
Want to get involved in Minnesota?Sign up with our client Vote Solar. Other clients include: Institute for Local Self-Reliance, Cooperative Energy Future, Voltus
In Montana, we successfully fought up to the state’s highest court to enforce a state law that required the utility NorthWestern Energy to invest in local community renewable energy projects. Now, the Montana Public Service Commission will decide on an appropriate penalty. Read more.
Over the past decade, Earthjustice has been working through Montana courts and PUCs to ensure utility companies are held accountable for investing in clean energy and ensuring that energy is accessible to Montanans at all income levels.
Since 2017, Earthjustice has fought to enforce a Montana state law that required the utility company NorthWestern Energy to invest in local community renewable energy projects. Under the law, if the company failed to comply with the requirements, it would have to pay penalties.
Even after the pro-clean energy law was repealed in 2021, Earthjustice represented the Montana Environmental Information Center to make sure NorthWestern Energy would still be held accountable for its chronic non-compliance in the years before the law was repealed. In March 2024, the Montana Supreme Court ruled in favor of Earthjustice that NorthWestern Energy's hostile approach to clean energy was in violation of the law.
Now, the Montana Public Service Commission will decide on an appropriate penalty that will provide bill and weatherization assistance for low-income Montanans. Additionally, Northwestern Energy’s shareholders, not its customers, will be held responsible for paying the penalty.
Earthjustice has been involved in other projects over the last several years to bring about the clean energy transition in the state that included advocating for fair treatment of both rooftop and community-scale solar users before the Commission and state courts. We have also sought to bar utility companies from charging customers for unreasonable investments in the Colstrip coal plant, as well as for new gas power plants.
Our clients: Montana Environmental Information Center, Northern Cheyenne Tribe, Sierra Club, Vote Solar, and Montana Renewable Energy Association
In Nevada, we helped revitalize Nevada’s solar industry after punitive rates imposed on customers started cratering the rooftop solar industry. Read more & get involved.
While utilities around the country have tried to restrict the growth of solar by implementing unreasonable and discriminatory fees, surcharges, and other rate changes, Earthjustice is working to accelerate the growth of progressive clean energy policies and fend off attacks on clean energy.
In Nevada, specifically, we’ve accomplished the following:
In 2016, we helped revitalize Nevada’s solar industry after punitive rates imposed on customers started cratering the rooftop solar industry. Earthjustice challenged discriminatory rate hikes for solar customers — stopping a proposed 30% increase in customers' fixed charges.
We also pushed for improvement in new, larger-scale solar power plants to provide reliable, cost-effective electricity in northern Nevada, requiring Sierra Pacific to offer to buy clean power generated by solar based on the savings to ratepayers of not building and running more expensive fossil fueled generation.
We continue to advocate for more rooftop solar and other distributed energy resources as utilities file their 20-year plans with the PUC. Along with our client, Vote Solar, we are demonstrating that customer-sited distributed resources such as rooftop solar and storage, demand response, and efficiency are not only more cost-effective, they also distribute benefits to customers more equitably.
We have helped local environmental justice organizations weigh in on how to design more equitable transportation electrification programs.
In New Mexico, we have been successfully involved with the New Mexico Public Regulatory Commission on improving access to transportation for low-income residents, challenging discriminatory fees against rooftop solar customers, and more. Read more & get involved.
Earthjustice has been successfully involved with the New Mexico Public Regulatory Commission (NMPRC) on improving access to transportation for low-income residents, challenging discriminatory fees against rooftop solar customers, and stopping new gas and hydrogen infrastructure.
Together, we pushed the commission to approve Public Service Company of New Mexico’s (PNM) $10 million plan for investments in EV infrastructure and culturally appropriate education. This included covering up to $2,500 in upfront costs for low-income customers to install EV chargers at home and requiring 20% of the public charging program budget be reserved for underserved communities.
Since 2015, Earthjustice and Vote Solar have fought against various plans for fees that discriminate against rooftop solar customers, proposed by PNM, Southwestern Public Service Company, El Paso Electric Company (EPE), and Farmers Electric Cooperative.
In 2020, we returned to the NMPRC to successfully challenge EPE’s proposal to replace three aging gas plants with one large new gas-fired power plant, saving New Mexico ratepayers $160 million over the expected lifetime of the plant.
Utilities involved: New Mexico Public Regulation Commission, Public Service Company of New Mexico, Southwestern Public Service Company, Farmers Electric Cooperative, El Paso Electric Company
After successfully working to increase public input at the New York Public Service Commission, we’re now using the Empire State’s ambitious climate law to phase out fossil fuels faster and ensure the transition doesn’t harm vulnerable communities. Read more.
When Earthjustice first intervened in New York Public Service Commission (PSC) proceedings in 2014, the commission took in little input from the public. Over the last few years, Earthjustice worked in coalition with environmental justice and consumer groups to get community members and organizations involved in PSC proceedings. We persuaded the commission to be more open to community members by holding stakeholder meetings at more accessible times and providing language and disability services. We provided training to community organizations on technical topics so they can be more effective advocates at PSC proceedings. Our coalition-building has paid off, with hundreds of community members attending PSC meetings, and utilities, commissioners and commission staff approaching Earthjustice and local environmental justice groups for input.
In 2019, the state legislature passed the Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act (CLCPA). Under this landmark climate law, Earthjustice has defeated plans to build new methane gas plants in Queens, Brooklyn, and Newburgh. In Queens, the site of the proposed plant will now be used to connect offshore wind to the grid. We are now working to defend the CLCPA from attempts to weaken its renewable energy and zero emissions standards, and pressure the PSC and other state agencies to ensure that that vulnerable communities that have long experienced the most significant harms from fossil fuels benefit from the transition to clean energy.
Additional accomplishments include:
We beat back false energy solutions including hydrogen and “renewable” natural gas proposals. Instead, we successfully pushed utilities to undertake geothermal pilot projects that make use of stable underground temperatures to heat and cool buildings
We ensured utilities educate and offer customers an alternative when a gas pipeline to their home needs to be fixed. Customers can instead utilize the repair money — and incentives from the Inflation Reduction Act — to electrify their home and remove gas.
We prevented government authorities from ending a utility program that paid for home repairs enabling lower-income customers to get further funding for weatherization projects to save energy.
We submitted hundreds of discovery requests in multiple rate cases and exposed utilities’ misleading activities and lobbying practices promoting methane gas.
Our clients: WE ACT for Environmental Justice, Alliance for Green Energy (AGREE), the Peak Coalition, The POINT, NYC Environmental Justice Alliance, and many others
Utilities involved: Con Edison, NYS Electric and Gas, National Grid, National Fuel Gas Supply, Central Hudson Gas & Electric, Niagara Mohawk Power, Orange & Rockland Utilities, Rochester Gas & Electric
While Oregon passed legislation aimed at hastening the transition to clean energy, the state’s largest gas utilities poured vast sums into opposing local electrification. We’ve fought back by taking on gas utilities in three separate rate case proceedings before Oregon’s Public Utility Commission. Read more.
Oregon’s largest gas utilities have attempted to stonewall the state’s clean energy plans through pro-gas lobbying, proposals to expand the gas system at ratepayer expense, and by pouring vast sums into fighting local electrification efforts.
Earthjustice and our clients have fought back by taking on gas utilities in three separate rate case proceedings before Oregon’s Public Utility Commission.
So far, we’ve won two for two and initiated a third that has been partially settled in our favor.
In 2022, the Oregon Public Utility Commission ruled that Oregon’s largest gas utility, NW Natural, could no longer charge its customers to target schoolchildren with pro-gas propaganda booklets. The order also prohibited NW Natural from lobbying local governments to prevent climate action and required the gas utility to reduce subsidies for new gas hookups and to increase energy-efficiency measures.
In 2023, Earthjustice prevailed against Oregon’s second largest utility, Avista, with a historic rate case settlement. The settlement required Avista to dramatically expand low-income weatherization programs. The settlement also prevented the gas company from using ratepayer funds for pro-gas political advocacy and litigation that undermines climate law.
Currently, Earthjustice is seeking to keep Oregon customer’s energy costs affordable by beating back another NW Natural attempt to spend ratepayer money on subsidies for new gas hookups that grow the gas system. Earthjustice is advocating for investing in smarter energy choices that save money and advance energy justice. In a partial settlement reached in July 2024, Earthjustice secured lower bill increases for NW Natural customers, with the deepest discounts for lower-income customers. Earthjustice will continue to contest other parts of the rate case, including fighting to eliminate subsidies, known as line cost extensions, that grow gas pipelines.
Our Pennsylvania work has been based in Philadelphia, which has the highest poverty rate among major U.S. cities. Utilities have sought to increase customer bills. But, together with our clients and partners, we have fought for climate and energy justice — and won. Read more & get involved.
Some of our achievements, so far, include:
Securing the first-ever public hearing about how Philadelphia’s electric utility, PECO, should address climate change in its supply planning. Our clients helped mobilize 35 people to testify at that hearing in 2020. By 2024, they were holding a second round of PUC hearings on this issue with 80 people testifying, including four elected officials.
Curbing rate increases and dirty energy investments by utilities, saving Philadelphians more than $200 million annually on their electric and gas bills.
Winning improvements to low-income assistance programs by Philadelpha’s gas utility, PGW, including enrolling more of its low-income customers in bill assistance; currently less than half of eligible customers are enrolled.
Successfully fighting to eliminate utilities’ misuse of ratepayer funds to finance their memberships in anti-climate trade associations.
Securing 25 MW of solar after we demonstrated that longer-term contracts for solar generation would be a win-win for affordability and the climate, and could help PECO save tens of millions of dollars for customers over the next five years.
Earthjustice represented POWER Interfaith, a community organization dedicated to fighting for racial and economic justice, in challenging PECO to include more renewable energy in its supply portfolio.
Want to get involved in Pennsylvania?Join POWER Interfaith’s email list. Other clients include: Sierra Club, Clean Air Council, Philadelphia Solar Energy Association, PennEnvironment, Physicians for Social Responsibility, Vote Solar.
Follow on Twitter Pennsylvania-based Earthjustice attorney Devin McDougall @devinmcdougall and POWER Interfaith @powerinterfaith.
In Puerto Rico, Hurricane Maria underscored the need to build distributed rooftop solar and storage systems. We take part in proceedings of the Puerto Rico Energy Bureau to accelerate Puerto Rico’s goal of reaching 100% clean energy by 2050. Read more.
Earthjustice is working to ensure access to clean, reliable, affordable energy for all Puerto Ricans. Hurricane Maria and mass blackouts in 2017 underscored the need to build distributed rooftop solar and storage systems across the archipelago, accelerate the transition off imported fossil fuels, and clean up the toxic legacy of fossil fuel infrastructure.
We take part in proceedings of the Puerto Rico Energy Bureau (PREB) — the public utility commission for the archipelago — to accelerate Puerto Rico’s goal of reaching 100% clean energy by 2050.
Earthjustice and our partners are pushing in PREB for changes to Puerto Rico’s integrated resource plan. We want PREB to reject most or all proposals for gas plants (and conversion of existing coal plants), retire existing fossil fuel plants, and create binding requirements for investments in rooftop solar and storage technology. We are also working to prioritize the most environmentally friendly locations for renewable energy systems.
We are currently working with labor, education, and climate groups including Queremos Sol to stop temporary gas generation on the island and invest in distributed solar energy solutions.
In addition to our work in PREB, we’ve been pushing for clean energy funding for Puerto Rico. In the December 2022 omnibus spending bill, Earthjustice and our partners worked to secure $1 billion for rooftop solar and storage systems for Puerto Rico’s low-income households and vulnerable communities. And we helped to secure an additional $156 million for rooftop solar and storage systems for low-income households awarded by the Department of Energy via the Inflation Reduction Act.
Texas may be known for oil, but it leads the country in wind power. Read more.
The Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) maintains the state’s independent power grid and has warned that the recent rapid growth of energy-intensive, large-scale cryptocurrency mining operations in Texas has raised electricity prices and threatens the stability of the grid.
Earthjustice helps local community groups oppose Texas cryptocurrency mining operations, exposing companies that reaped millions in profit from demand-response and other ERCOT programs meant to help consumers, not line the pockets of out-of-state crypto firms. Demand-response programs are designed to stabilize the grid, not subsidize the expansion of energy-intensive industries.
So far, Texas’s response has been to subsidize more methane gas, ignoring that renewables, energy efficiency, and other demand-response programs would be cheaper.
Washington passed legislation requiring utilities to transition to 100% clean energy by 2045 and to ensure that transition is equitable. Our work before the Utility and Transportation Commission has energized both parts of that mandate. Read more.
In 2019, Washington passed legislation requiring utilities to transition to 100% clean energy by 2045 and to ensure that transition is equitable. Earthjustice’s work before the Utility and Transportation Commission (UTC) has energized both parts of that mandate.
First, Earthjustice pushed Puget Sound Energy (PSE), the state’s largest utility, to begin winding down their gas business.
In 2022, PSE submitted plans to the UTC to expand its gas system by adding new customers and growing gas infrastructure. Earthjustice and our clients pushed back, leading to a settlement that effectively ended the expansion of PSE’s gas system and encouraged the utility to transition away from gas. The deal instead set up a new program to electrify 10,000 gas customers through various incentives. The following year, gas use dropped 7% among PSE’s residential customers.
When PSE submitted its clean energy transition plan, Earthjustice intervened again in the UTC, arguing the utility fell short on the equitable transition requirement.
The commission ordered PSE to modify its plan in virtually every way we asked, including:
Doubling PSE’s community solar target
Requiring PSE to track and reduce the percent of income customers are paying for energy
Ensuring that at least 30% of the energy benefits of all of PSE’s distributed clean energy programs flow to “highly-impacted” communities
Requiring PSE to create a new pilot program to engage directly with communities to develop clean energy plans
This built on energy justice provisions in the 2022 settlement that included programs for energy efficiency and weatherization upgrades for low-income customers.
West Virginia is the most coal-dependent state in the country. We’ve represented local groups before the Public Service Commission of West Virginia to defend energy efficiency programs, defeat schemes to prop up coal plants, and foster the continued growth of rooftop solar. Read more & get involved.
With 89% of its electricity generated by aging coal-fired power plants, West Virginia remains the most coal-dependent state in the U.S.
Since 2016, Earthjustice has represented local groups before the Public Service Commission of West Virginia to defend energy efficiency programs, defeat schemes to prop up coal plants, and foster the continued growth of rooftop solar. Despite challenges, we have continued to make progress:
In 2019 and 2021, we successfully defended and expanded programs that help people make their homes more energy efficient. In early 2024, we secured funding that will enable low-income customers of FirstEnergy to weatherize their homes, and we thwarted FirstEnergy’s attempt to cut funding for its bill assistance program.
In 2018 and again in 2023, we successfully halted utility efforts to slash net metering, the rate at which people are credited for the excess energy they generate from rooftop solar. To date, customers of FirstEnergy and AEP have installed more than 30 MWs of net-metered generation. The proposed cuts would have significantly hampered the continued growth of solar in West Virginia.
In 2018, Earthjustice protected utility customers from the bailout of the Pleasants Power Plant, preventing a sweetheart deal that would have saddled utility customers with the plant’s considerable liabilities and costs. We also played a key role in defeating a second bailout attempt in 2023 — one being pushed by the state’s most powerful political leaders.
In 2024, we secured a settlement that will help curb the uneconomic operation of two coal-fired power plants, Fort Martin and Harrison.
We will push West Virginia utilities to take advantage of federal funds in the Inflation Reduction Act to increase customers’ access to clean energy and effective energy efficiency programs, while continuing to make the case that clean energy is a better option for West Virginians.
Want to get involved in West Virginia?Sign up with West Virginians for Energy Freedom. Other clients include: West Virginia Citizen Action Group, Solar United Neighbors, Energy Efficient West Virginia
Utilities involved: AEP (Appalachian Power Company, Wheeling Power Company), FirstEnergy (Monongahela Power Company, The Potomac Edison Company)
In Wisconsin, Earthjustice is advocating for solar energy users, including stopping a proposed expansion of a utility program that discriminated against customers who own their own rooftop solar panels. Read more & get involved.
Earthjustice is working in Wisconsin to reduce the continued use and buildout of fossil fuel energy infrastructure and to promote affordable solar solutions. We have been working to advocate for solar energy users and energy customers before the Public Service Commission of Wisconsin (PSCW) since 2016.
In 2021, we filed a lawsuit on behalf of the Midwest Renewable Energy Association in Wisconsin Circuit Court to challenge unlawful policies of the PSCW prohibiting customers from banding together and participating in wholesale energy markets through demand response aggregation. In 2024, we won our case on appeal and the ban on aggregated demand response was lifted. Within a week of the decision, companies that aggregate demand response dispatched salespeople to Wisconsin and were registering new demand response resources with the regional transmission organization. Earthjustice is fighting these prohibitions in a number of states so that everyone can benefit from demand response programs.
In 2022, Earthjustice intervened on behalf of our client Vote Solar and stopped a proposed expansion of a program by the Wisconsin Electric Power Corporation that discriminates against customers who own their own rooftop solar panels. We succeeded in protecting the market for customer-owned solar.
In 2023, we defeated proposals by both Madison Gas and Electric and Wisconsin Power and Light to eliminate net metering for customers with rooftop solar.
Earthjustice is now fighting a proposed methane gas plant in Superior, WI.
Earthjustice and our partners continue to fight in Wisconsin to ensure that clean energy is given a fair chance to thrive in the state and that families and businesses are not beholden to electricity produced by dirty power plants for industry profit.
Want to get involved in Wisconsin?Sign up with Renew Wisconsin. Other clients include: Vote Solar, Midwest Renewable Energy Association, Sierra Club, Environmental Law & Policy Center
Utilities involved: WE Energies, Wisconsin Public Service Corporation
Much of our nation’s energy policy — including the cost of your electricity bills and where your power comes from — is crafted at the state level by public utility commissions. Earthjustice’s lawyers, in partnership with state and regional partners, are making the case for clean energy in these often overlooked but immensely important regulatory forums. Read more.
States created public utility commissions to oversee utility monopolies because we all need power to live. In many ways, PUCs operate like courts. When a utility wants to increase rates, build a methane gas power plant or pipeline, prop up an aging coal plant, or build new energy infrastructure, the proposal typically comes before the PUC for a hearing.
Utilities too often tend to argue for old, dirty sources of power over renewables. And well-resourced utilities can afford to hire experts to help them navigate the highly technical PUC proceedings, meaning that they have a huge advantage in making their case.
Earthjustice is one of the few organizations with the expertise to rise to the challenge of opposing the utilities. Our attorneys push back on those big-money arguments at PUC hearings, advocating for commissioners to choose clean, energy efficient solutions that yield financial and environmental benefits to everyone.
Getting input from the public is therefore essential to informing commissioners about their constituents’ desire for clean energy. When the public isn't in the room, you can rest assured that profit-driven utilities are in there, making a case for expensive, polluting fossil fuels that their customers would be forced to pay for. Learn more.
In Colorado, we’ve represented environmental and community advocates before the PUC since 2014. We began by representing Vote Solar and Southwest Energy Efficiency Project (SWEEP) in efforts to accelerate the growth of rooftop solar, community solar, and energy efficiency technologies across the state. While we continue to work on cleaning up Colorado’s power sector, our work at the PUC has evolved to also include electrifying buildings and transportation. Vote Solar and SWEEP remain key partners, and we now work with a wide array of organizations fighting for a more equitable and cleaner energy future in Colorado, including Black Parents United Foundation, Cultivando, GreenLatinos, GRID Alternatives, Mi Familia Vota, Mothers Out Front, NAACP Denver, and Womxn from the Mountain.
Building decarbonization provides an example of our evolving advocacy at the Colorado PUC. The gas that we burn in our homes and businesses for heating and other purposes is responsible for over one-third of the United States’ total greenhouse gas emissions. And as the power sector becomes cleaner, there is a key opportunity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by electrifying furnaces, water heaters, and other appliances that burn gas.
A clean power sector provides the foundation for building decarbonization and electrification, and Colorado is now rapidly transitioning to a cleaner grid that is primarily powered by wind and solar. Building decarbonization is a key component of Colorado’s climate strategy, and the state is at the forefront of this work nationally. The Colorado General Assembly enacted landmark, first-in-the-nation legislation in 2021 that requires Colorado’s gas utilities to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions and electric utilities to develop beneficial electrification plans.
Replacing gas appliances with electric appliances, such as heat pumps, is the most cost-effective, proven, and readily available measure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from buildings. Colorado’s gas utilities and the gas industry, however, have not enthusiastically embraced electrification. The gas utilities would prefer to also reduce their emissions through costlier and more speculative measures, such as hydrogen, “renewable” gas, and “certified” gas. Gas utilities profit from selling gas to customers and building and maintaining the gas system, and they would prefer to maintain the status quo.
In several recent cases, the Colorado PUC has been confronted with these two competing visions for building decarbonization. Our initial building decarbonization case began in 2021, when Colorado’s largest utility, Xcel Energy, proposed to expand a portion of its gas system in west Denver to meet an increased demand for gas due to population growth. We opposed this proposal and argued that instead of spending money expanding the gas system, Xcel should reduce demand for gas through non-pipeline alternatives, such as energy efficiency and electrification. The Colorado PUC approved Xcel’s request, but the agency made it clear that in the future it would not continue to approve Xcel’s business-as-usual approach for expanding the capacity of the gas system.
In 2022, we intervened in an Xcel gas rate case and successfully opposed a large rate hike that would fund continued investments in the gas system. In a separate 2022 Xcel case, we secured $67.5 million for beneficial electrification programs that provide incentives for customers to electrify their homes and businesses. This was a 21% increase over what Xcel proposed for electrification investments and was an almost twenty-fold increase over Xcel’s previous spending on electrification.
In 2023, we challenged Atmos Energy’s claim that utilities that provide only gas to customers—and not electricity—should be exempt from implementing electrification programs because electrification is contrary to their business model. Although the Colorado PUC did not grant our specific request, it clarified that it is “entirely appropriate” for gas-only utilities to implement beneficial electrification, as electrification is often the cheapest and most widely available measure to reduce gas utilities’ emissions and avoid costly gas infrastructure investments.
Finally, perhaps the biggest building decarbonization case to date in Colorado involves Xcel’s Clean Heat Plan. Colorado’s Clean Heat law requires Xcel to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions 22% by 2030, and Xcel’s Clean Heat plan is the first plan of this type in the nation. Rather than directly reducing its emissions, Xcel initially proposed to achieve most of the emission reductions by purchasing carbon offsets and reducing methane leakage from upstream oil and gas production. In an important early victory in the case, we successfully argued that Xcel cannot lawfully rely on these indirect emission reductions to achieve the Clean Heat emission reduction targets. Now, the Colorado PUC must decide whether Xcel will exclusively use electrification and energy efficiency to achieve the Clean Heat targets, or whether the utility will also be allowed to pursue more costly and uncertain measures, such as hydrogen and renewable natural gas. The Colorado PUC is currently nearing its final decision in this case.
Earthjustice will continue to advocate alongside our clients for a clean and equitable energy system that benefits all Coloradans. As we push the state to lead on climate action, the PUC will remain a key venue for progress.
Robert Rigonan is an associate attorney with the Clean Energy program. Robert focuses on advocating for an equitable transition to clean energy, clean transportation, and decarbonized buildings.
Earthjustice’s Rocky Mountain office protects the region’s iconic public lands, wildlife species, and precious water resources; defends Tribes and disparately impacted communities fighting to live in a healthy environment; and works to accelerate the region’s transition to 100% clean energy.
Solar panels in Colorado. (Arina P Habich / Shutterstock)
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